If you recently noticed bumps on the back of your tongue the good news is that they’ve most likely been they’re your entire life and are completely normal! The human tongue is covered in numerous tiny bumps known as papillae. These structures serve various functions, including housing taste buds and contributing to saliva secretion. Sometimes, these structures can get inflamed and cause some pain. Let’s take a look at how you can differentiate between normal and abnormal tongue bumps and identify their differences.
What Does a Normal Tongue Look Like?
The tongue is an extremely complex structure with various bumps, grooves, and holes within it and surrounding it. The most likely structure that people see when looking at the bumps at the back of their tongue is the papillae. Papillae are the small bumps, that can house taste buds and aid in digestion. Let’s take a look at what each one looks like under a microscope.
Filiform Papillae: Hair-like
Filiform papillae are the most numerous types of papillae, covering the entire front surface of the tongue, and resembling a hair follicle under the microscope. Unlike other papillae, filiform papillae do not contain taste buds. As a result, their primary role is to provide a textured surface for mechanical functions and touch sensations.
Fungiform Papillae: Fungus-like
Scattered between filiform papillae, fungiform papillae are found at the tip of the tongue. Smooth and round, these papillae appear red to the eye. Unlike filiform papillae, fungiform papillae house taste buds, contributing to the detection of various flavors.
Foliate Papillae: Leaf-like
Located along the outside margins of the back of the tongue, foliate papillae have a leaf-like appearance. While not as numerous as filiform or fungiform papillae, foliate papillae do contain some taste buds, enriching the sensory capabilities of the tongue.
Circumvallate Papillae:
Circumvallate papillae are larger and surrounded by a circular groove containing the openings of the glands of Von Ebner. These papillae are notable for their size and specific location on the back of the tongue.
What Does an Abnormal Back of the Tongue Look Like?
It is normal to have various types and sizes of tongue bumps, but inflammation or infection can occur in rare cases, leading to soreness or irritation during activities like swallowing or cleaning the tongue. A temporary inflammation of papillae can result from accidental trauma, such as biting the tongue, and usually heals within a week. However, persistent symptoms, especially if it is on one side of the tongue, may warrant a dental examination.
Here are 9 causes of irregular bumps on the tongue (Since some of these conditions can be disgusting to look at, we have not included pictures of them here):
Oral Thrush:
Oral Thrush is characterized by the presence of white patches or bumps on the tongue, indicative of a yeast infection. Contributing factors may include poor oral care, denture use, specific medications, or compromised immune conditions. Treatment typically involves the prescription of antifungal medications by a dentist to address the underlying infection.
Canker Sores
Canker Sores manifest as painful ulcers under or on the tongue, often associated with heightened stress levels. While these sores typically resolve on their own, recurrent cases may benefit from laser ulcer treatment or the use of prescription mouthwash, offering relief and accelerating the healing process.
Mouth Injuries
Mouth Injury can result from various sources, such as accidentally biting the tongue, aggressive toothbrush use, or other unforeseen accidents. In most cases, natural healing processes suffice; however, severe injuries may necessitate dental attention to address complications and ensure optimal recovery.
Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia is characterized by a patchy white buildup inside the mouth, potentially signaling an association with oral cancer. Diagnosis requires a biopsy, and subsequent treatment depends on identifying and addressing the underlying cause, emphasizing the importance of prompt and comprehensive dental care.
Syphilis
Syphilis, a bacterial infection transmitted through sexual activities, may cause sores on the tongue. Prompt medical attention is crucial, and antibiotic treatment is essential to address the infection effectively. Given the serious implications of syphilis, timely intervention is paramount.
Allergies
Allergies can lead to swollen papillae on the tongue, triggered by reactions to food or seasonal allergens. Treatment approaches vary, with severe food allergies requiring the use of an epi-pen and immediate medical attention. Over-the-counter medications are commonly employed for managing seasonal allergies, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions based on the specific allergy type.
Tongue Cancer
Tongue Cancer is linked to factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Early diagnosis is critical for less invasive treatment options, including surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Regular dental check-ups play a crucial role in the early detection and intervention of tongue cancer.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis may manifest with oral symptoms, including ulcers and nodules on the tongue, albeit in a small percentage of cases. Treatment involves tuberculosis-specific interventions, and dental care may contribute to managing oral symptoms effectively.
Orthodontic Appliances
Irritation of the tongue can result from orthodontic appliances, dentures, sharp fillings, or chipped teeth. Consulting with a dentist or orthodontist is recommended to address the underlying cause of irritation and ensure appropriate measures are taken for sustained oral health.
Conclusion
Understanding the potential causes of tongue bumps enables individuals to identify abnormalities and seek timely medical or dental advice. It is essential to differentiate between normal, transient conditions, and persistent issues that may require professional evaluation.
For those experiencing tongue bumps, especially if lasting longer than 14 days or presenting on one side only, consulting a dentist is advised. Dentists can conduct thorough examinations, order biopsies if necessary, and collaborate with specialists for further diagnosis. While most tongue issues are minor and improve with time, regular dental check-ups contribute to overall oral health and help rule out serious conditions. Practicing good oral hygiene, avoiding triggers, and staying informed about potential causes can contribute to maintaining a healthy tongue and oral cavity.
Disclaimer
The contents of this website, such as text, graphics, images, and other material are for informational purposes only and are not intended to be substituted for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Nothing on this website constitutes the practice of medicine, law or any other regulated profession.
No two mouths are the same, and each oral situation is unique. As such, it isn’t possible to give comprehensive advice or diagnose oral conditions based on articles alone. The best way to ensure you’re getting the best dental care possible is to visit a dentist in person for an examination and consultation.
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